Journal Articles (All Issues)

Abstract

This research introduces optical circuits based on multimode interference (MMI) structures for the recognition of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) coded labels. The proposed circuits employ 1x2, 4x4 and 2x2 cascaded MMIs. The performance of these devices is rigorously analyzed and validated using the finite-difference beam propagation (BPM) and Eigenmode Expansion (EME) method. The design is based on the silicon on insulator (SOI) platform, which is suitable for the existing CMOS technology. The new proposed design has advantages of low loss, compactness, high bandwidth and large fabrication tolerance compared to the recent research published in the literature based on X-junction couplers. The fabrication tolerance for the MMI length is ±100 nm and the bandwidth is about 15nm.

References

[1] Y. Ohkubo, H. Kishikawa, and J. Fujikata, "Optical Label Recognition for Two-Symbol QPSK-Coded Labels Using Complex-Valued Neural Network," in 2023 28th Microoptics Conference (MOC), 24-27 Sept. 2023 2023, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.23919/MOC58607.2023.10302878. [2] T. Yang et al., "Optical Labels Enabled Optical Performance Monitoring in WDM Systems," Photonics, vol. 9, no. 9, doi: 10.3390/photonics9090647. [3] V. Agarwal, P. Pareek, L. Singh, B. Balaji, P. K. Dakua, and V. Chaurasia, "Design and analysis of all optical header recognition system employing combination of carrier reservoir SOA and conventional SOA," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 56, no. 1, p. 83, 2023/12/02 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11082-023-05657-0. [4] K. S. Chen, "Implicit Label Number for Optical Packets in Label Switching Networks Based on Spectral Amplitude Coding and OCDM Path," IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1-7, 2022, doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2022.3188164. [5] A. Ihara, H. Kishikawa, N. Goto, and S. I. Yanagiya, "Passive Waveguide Device Consisting of Cascaded Asymmetric X-Junction Couplers for High-Contrast Recognition of Optical BPSK Labels," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1306-1313, 2011, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2011.2124442. [6] Q. Zhang, X. Gong, and L. Guo, "All-Optical QPSK Pattern Recognition in High-Speed Optoelectronic Firewalls," IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-16, 2023, doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2023.3243896. [7] H. Kishikawa, A. Ihara, N. Goto, and S.-i. Yanagiya, "Increase of Recognizable Label Number with Optical Passive Waveguide Circuits for Recognition of Encoded 4- and 8-Bit BPSK Labels," IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol. E100.C, no. 1, pp. 84-93, 2017, doi: 10.1587/transele.E100.C.84. [8] T. Segawa, S. Ibrahim, T. Nakahara, Y. Muranaka, and R. Takahashi, "Low-Power Optical Packet Switching for 100-Gb/s Burst Optical Packets With a Label Processor and 8 × 8 Optical Switch," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1844-1850, 2016, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2015.2512844. [9] I. Kensuke, H. Yoshimitsu, K. Hiroki, and G. Nobuo, "Noise tolerance in optical waveguide circuits for recognition of optical 16 quadrature amplitude modulation codes," Optical Engineering, vol. 55, no. 12, p. 126105, 12/1 2016, doi: 10.1117/1.OE.55.12.126105. [10] V. Andrushchak, M. Beshley, L. Dutko, T. Maksymyuk, and T. Andrukhiv, "Intelligent Traffic Engineering for Future Intent-Based Software-Defined Transport Network," in Future Intent-Based Networking, Cham, M. Klymash, M. Beshley, and A. Luntovskyy, Eds., 2022// 2022: Springer International Publishing, pp. 161-181. [11] Y. Yan, "A Research on Key Technologies in All-Optical Label Switching Networks," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1710, no. 1, p. 012007, 2020/11/01 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1710/1/012007. [12] T. Kodama and G. Cincotti, "Hybrid QAM-Based Labels Generated by Two Multi-Level PSK Codes," IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. E102.B, no. 12, pp. 2199-2204, 2019, doi: 10.1587/transcom.2019EBP3024. [13] J. M. Heaton and R. M. Jenkins, " General matrix theory of self-imaging in multimode interference(MMI) couplers," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 212-214, Feb 1999 1999. [14] T.-T. Le and L. Cahill, "Generation of two Fano resonances using 4x4 multimode interference structures on silicon waveguides," Optics Communications, vol. 301-302, pp. 100-105, 2013. [15] T.-T. Le, Multimode Interference Structures for Photonic Signal Processing. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010.